What is new

 It is a new year; some people make resolutions each year. A new year feels like a fresh start. It is like starting on a clean page, one that doesn’t have bits crossed out or smudged lines.  Any day can be the start of another year, some people think of their birthday as a new beginning, or the start of a month, or the new financial year.

We know, with God, every moment of every day gives us the opportunity to start over.

Resolutions are often like dreams, wishes, hopes, but ones we may not want to work at.  I have lots of books that I have not read, they look interesting or come recommended, but buying them does not mean I will read them, they will be waiting for me when I retire 😊

Some people make resolutions to exercise more, lose weight, get healthy, get a new job – resolutions are almost always about self-improvement. But making the resolution does not mean you will get fit or lose weight or be healthier or find a new job. That takes work and commitment.  

I wonder what our resolutions would be like if we thought about what God dreams for each of us. I think God’s dream for each of us is in some ways the same and in other ways different. Those of you who are parents, or aunts, or uncles will know what it is like. You want the best for each child, but the best for each child is different.

As we heard in the story the way to make God’s dream come true is by sharing, loving, caring, holding, playing, and laughing. It is being together, one big family of God, and like all families, especially large ones, there will be an amazing mixture of people in the family, some we know better than others and some seem downright strange to us, but they are all part of the family.

We have been reading through the gospel of Luke and will be for most of the year. We have moved through Chapter 1 during Advent, where we heard of Zechariah’s experience in the Temple, and Elizabeth’s pregnancy; the birth of John and Zechariah’s song; the angel and Mary having a conversation; and Mary’s visit to Elizabeth and Mary’s song.

Christmas morning, we heard the beginning of Luke chapter 2 with the journey to Bethlehem, the birth of Jesus, the angels appearing to the shepherds and the shepherds visiting Jesus.

The passage we heard this morning is a reminder that Mary and Joseph were devout Jews. At 8 days, Jesus was circumcised and named- this would have happened at home with lots of relatives in attendance. As a first-born male, at 31 days Jesus would be presented at the Temple, then at 40 days, Mary would be taken to the Temple for the rite of purification – if she had given birth to a girl, this would have been after 80 days. Then annual visits to Jerusalem at Passover.

When Jesus was being presented at the Temple, as the first-born son of Mary and Joseph, we meet Simeon and Anna. These people are reminders that the faithful people in Israel were waiting, and looking for, the promised one, the Messiah, the one who would save the people of Israel.

Luke records, Simeon took the baby in his arms and said something like: OK God, I am ready to die now, just as you said, I have seen the salvation of Israel and all people.  ‘Simeon is ready to die. Not from a sense of resignation or failure but because in this child he has been reminded of God’s indefatigable commitment to be with us and for us forever.’ [David Lose in the Meantime]

These words of Simeon’s are part of the resources for prayers at the time of dying in our prayer book – what needs to happen for you to be able to say them about your life?

Anna’s words are not recorded, but she praised God and spoke to all in Jerusalem who were waiting for the redemption of Israel. Anna lived a devout life, and now she praised God and told others what she knew, that she had seen Jesus, the promised one.

Both Anna and Simeon recognised Jesus as the one that God had promised, the one that all of Israel was waiting for.

The next we hear about Jesus is as a twelve year old, travelling to Jerusalem for Passover, and not returning with the group afterwards. The first words of Jesus recorded by Luke are: Why did you have to look for me? Didn’t you know that I would be in my Father’s house?”

And his parents did not understand what he meant. That phrase could sum up the gospel with disciples and others not understanding what Jesus is doing and saying.

One thing these first two chapters of Luke tells me is that Jesus was not born to the family of the High Priest or the Emperor, not to a movie star or a millionaire. The story of the life of Jesus, right from the beginning includes people who we could meet any day; an older couple without children, a young unmarried woman, a widow, a man who visited the Temple. Jesus grew up in a devout Jewish family, in a country under occupation. He wasn’t born with a silver spoon in his mouth.

While these days we think of Christmas as a time for children, there are no children mentioned, other than Jesus, in the first Christmas story. These two chapters of Luke’s gospel remind me how human Jesus is, how normal his childhood was, even parents who did not understand their teenager. They also remind me of God’s commitment to God’s people, all of them.

This New Year, this Christmas season, what is standing out for you? What is God nudging in you? 

Prepare ye the way of the Lord

 a lot happening in worship this Sunday, our first time in the building together after COVID lockdown 2. 

Prepare ye the way of the Lord
Prepare ye the way of the Lord

For John, it meant telling people about the One who was about to come, the One who would preach, teach, and show a new way to live.

 John spoke of repentance and baptism and living in ways that showed repentance in action. John spoke of sharing resources, of being satisfied with what we have, not stealing from others.  

We live in a different time and culture to John the Baptist, but the call to repentance, to a change of heart is still relevant today. This is not a one time call, each day we choose if we will live as people known and loved and forgiven by God. Each day we choose if we will share the good news in word and action.

This week I have been thinking about preparing the way of the Lord and what that might look like

in 2021,
for people who have been in lockdown due to the pandemic,
people wondering if or when the next lockdown will be 

what might preparing the way of the Lord look like for this Congregation?
With our numbers reduced in the past 2 years due to ageing and deaths and people moving closer to family. 

what might preparing the way of the Lord look like for this Congregation?
As the community around us changes,
As new people move into the area
As more units and townhouses are built
As people commute

what might preparing the way of the Lord look like for this Congregation?
 What do we have to offer to the community around us?
 We have the gospel, the good news of Jesus,
Life transformed by grace

And what many people are looking for is belonging, a safe space to tell their story to connect their life with the God story.

A few weeks ago, some of you gathered as part of a mission planning process. A report was distributed with the Grapevine in early November.
When asked for three prayers for this congregation;
Responses included guidance, wisdom, and confidence; hope for the future, being close to God and being inspired by the Holy Spirit.

When asked what does Broken Bay Uniting Church look like at its best in five years’ time? Your responses included serving the community, being a safe place for people to explore life and faith, being more intergenerational in our activities and worship, and a worship and community life that glorified God.

Church Council will do some more work on the Mission Plan next year so that we can be clear of our focus. We know our resources are limited, ideally, we would employ one or two part-time people, so that the current members of the church are cared for, and we could offer different gatherings for people who are open to a conversation about faith, but this style of gathering isn’t for them.

During Advent we celebrate the birth of Jesus, God incarnate, the promised One who came to live among us, the God who shared our humanity. During Advent, we also look forward, to the time when the kingdom will come in completion.

This is a time when we prepare for the celebration of the birth of Jesus and become more aware of the glimpses of the kingdom in our midst.

Prepare ye the way of the Lord
Prepare ye the way of the Lord

We prepare by repenting,
repenting of stubbornness that prevents us from accepting change
repenting of fear that prevents generosity
repenting of self-interest that keeps society biased against the poor.

We prepare by being honest about the world we live in and our part in the lack of justice and righteousness in the world around us.

We prepare by making room in our lives for God to continue renewing and transforming our hearts and our lives.

During this advent, as we take tentative steps to meet together, may we be open to the Spirit, open to signs and glimpses of the kingdom, and may we allow God to use us as part of making the kingdom more real, here on earth. 

Upside Down Kingdom

Readings Psalm 93 and John 18: 33-37

In the Christian year, today is Christ the King or the Reign of Christ Sunday. It is the final Sunday in the Church Year. Next week we will be in Advent, as we think about the coming of Jesus, as the baby in Bethlehem, and in the One who is yet to come and bring the Kingdom of God to fulfillment. 

On Reign of Christ Sunday, we celebrate that God’s reign in the entire universe has already been accomplished. At the same time, we anticipate the day when that reign will be accomplished in every human heart. On Reign of Christ Sunday, we remind ourselves of the already/not-yet tension of God’s reign over all creation. https://www.ministrymatters.com/all/entry/1955/reign-of-christ-sunday

The Psalm speaks of God as King, the ruler of the earth, more majestic than the seas, the One in whom we ground ourselves. The images in the Psalm are of the power of nature, and that God is more amazing and powerful than creation.

Then we come to the idea of Jesus being King.

Christ the King Sunday has always seemed ridiculous to me – partly because we don’t have Kings in the way people did in previous eras, but also because Jesus doesn’t look like the fairy tale king many of us grew up with.

Jesus doesn’t have a throne with velvet cushions,
There is no crown of Gold or fur lined robe
He didn’t have servants waiting on him hand and foot.
The disciples questioned his activities – you didn’t do that to the Roman Emperor, or you didn’t last long.

The image we have of a king is nothing like what we know about Jesus, so this Sunday always seems an oddity to me. Last week we read the song of Hannah and in a few weeks we will read the Song of Mary, both of which speak of a world renewed, transformed, turned upside down, or maybe right-side -up. In the same way Jesus turns the idea of kingship on its head. He isn’t like an earthy king, ruling in absolute power, controlling the lives of nations with armies conquering foreign lands.

Jesus has no castle or wealth or army to command. He doesn’t have the right to kill or imprison people.

“The truth of his kingship is that he rules not with political power, but with humility, not with physical might, but with mercy, not with violence, but surrender, even surrender unto death.” Michaela Bruzzese

From the time of his Baptism by John in the Jordan River, Jesus travels, sleeping where he can, living off the generosity of people and the fruits of the earth and sea. Jesus is then killed, not in a coup by a rival, but put to death for upsetting the religious leaders with the assistance of the Roman Governor. Jesus does not look like any other king we have seen; I wonder if he really can be called a King?

Except as Christians we say Jesus does rule our lives, that Jesus is King, but of a kingdom unlike any other.

Maybe that is the difference, we choose Jesus to be Lord of our lives, we choose to follow his example and teaching.

In the reading from John’s Gospel, we have part of the encounter between Jesus and Pilate. Pilate holds the fate of Jesus in his hands, Pilate is not sure why Jesus has been brought before him, he is curious about the person he has heard about. And Pilate asks: Are you the king of the Jews?

From the birth story of Jesus in Matthew’s Gospel, we read how King Herod is concerned at the news that a child has been born who will be King. Herod’s plan was not for some child from small town Galilee to become King, but like most monarchies that his son would be the next ruler.

From his birth to his death Jesus upset leaders by his existence; and Jesus will likely upset our lives as he transforms our lives if we are serious about Jesus being our King.

Our lives will be transformed when Jesus is King of our lives, and in this case, Jesus isn’t a team player; he doesn’t want to share lordship in our lives. If we name Jesus as Lord or King, he is the only Lord or King.  I wonder what else we allow to control our lives, maybe it is money, or friends; maybe our lives are controlled by fear or shame or guilt; maybe our lives are controlled by our desire for perfection. I wonder what it is that prevents you from allowing the Kingdom of God to be more fully present in our life?

Last weekend I met with a student so he could interview me for a school assignment. He asked me about some areas of ethics, including Voluntary Assisted Dying, Abortion, and organ donation. He then asked me what was the guiding idea that was behind my thinking on these and other issues. It was obvious my responses were motivated by pastoral concern more than a doctrinal statement. The verse, or part of a verse that has been in my mind a lot the past year is from John’s gospel: I came so that everyone would have life, and have it in its fullest. [John 10:10b Contemporary English Version]

Life in its fullest, abundant life, comes from living with Christ as our King. And allowing that to transform our hearts, our minds, and our lives.

Jesus said: My kingdom is not from this world. This is a King without a Royal Yacht, without a palace, without a golden throne; a king who respects and loves and dies for his people; a king who chooses the least, the unlovely, the powerless and offers welcome, inclusion and liberation. This Kingdom is not one we are familiar with. We live in a world where politics is littered with stories of corruption; where business leaders argue for less tax, lower wages, and higher profits, where people are homeless, hungry, lonely. We live in a world that needs the love of Jesus, the grace of Jesus and the hope and peace that comes from lives transformed by this most unkinglike king.

This Kingdom is not one we are familiar with, but it is real, for those with ears to hear and eyes to see. 

I wonder where we see the Kingdom of God;

Where do you see the Reign of Christ around you?

How do you respond to Jesus the King calling you?

Prayers of longing and praising

1 Samuel 1: 1-23

1 Samuel 1:24 – 2: 11

Proclamation of the Word

Our readings this morning have 2 different prayers.

One, almost silent, lips moving, but not heard by human ears.
A prayer of longing, a sigh, a yearning, a hope
A plea to God.

The other joyful and heard by those around her
A prayer of praise, confident, and prophetic
A melody of the world to come.

 

When we gather for worship, we pray, we pray for God to be with us, to forgive our sins. We pray for health and healing; we pray for peace in our world and in our hearts; we pray for family and friends, leaders of nations and leaders of churches; we pray for creation. And when we share around the Lord’s table, we have the great prayer of thanksgiving.

I sometimes wonder if we have too many words in our prayers and not enough yearning, longing, sighing, and honesty with God.

Prayer is one way we grow in our relationship with God, the more we are honest, when we admit our faults and fears and celebrate our joys and courage, the closer our bond.

In Hannah’s prayer we hear about her pain and anguish. We too can come to God with our fears, our hurts, our confusion.  

A quote from Mahatma Gandhi,
“Prayer is not asking. It is a longing of the soul. It is daily admission of one's weakness. It is better in prayer to have a heart without words than words without a heart.” [UCC SAMUEL]

It is better in prayer to have a heart without words than words without a heart.”

We live in a society where we are told to put on a brave face, even when we are in pain or grief.  We can become so used to hiding what is happening in our lives and our hearts from those around us, that we also try and hide from God.  

We are people who know God, and that means instead of holding everything inside ourselves, we can pour it all out to God.

God knows about pain and fear and grief,
God, the giver of life, knows the diversity of emotions, the variety of experiences, the terror in the joy of being alive.

God wants to hear our sighs, our fears, God is not scared of our tears or our anger, God wants to hear it all, with or without words.

Hannah does bear a son, Samuel, and another of Hannah's prayers is recorded. This is a very different prayer to the first one. This is a prayer of joy, a prayer about God, to God. Theology is talking about God, prayer is speaking to God, prayer uses first person language. But this prayer is not only a prayer of joy at having a son, it is a prayer about a world turned upside down.

Hannah's prayer is very much like the song of Mary that we will read in a few weeks, they both talk of a world turned upside down. A world where the poor will have food and the rich will be hungry.

It is the end of the world as we know it.

And that means the beginning of a new world.

A new world based on love and grace, and when we know the God of love and grace, we can be honest about the fears in our minds and the hurt in our hearts, the pains in our bodies.

God didn't create us to live in fear, but God understands our fears. God created us for love and for life, for freedom. We are created, known, and named as God's daughters and sons.

We are called to live as the people of God, people known by God, people loved by God, people blessed by God.

Like Hannah we can mouth our silent please to God and sing in joy of God’s wonderful action in our lives. 

Questions and Answers and Love

Reading is Mark 12:13-34 

 
This exchange between various Jewish leaders and Jesus happens between the triumphal entry into Jerusalem and Passover.  The day after the entry into Jerusalem, and the cheering crowds, Jesus cleanses the Temple, and upsets the religious leaders, who then start looking for a way to kill him “They were afraid of him, because the crowds were completely amazed at his teaching.”  Mark 11:18

The next day when Jesus arrives at the Temple, the religious leaders ask him a question, which in true Jesus’ style he answers with a question, again frustrating the religious leaders.  

Then in chapter 12, Mark writes “The leaders knew that Jesus was really talking about them, and they wanted to arrest him. But because they were afraid of the crowd, they let him alone and left.”

Then the three questions addressed to Jesus, each by a person or group form a different part of the religious leadership.

1.   Should we pay taxes to Rome? Do they want an answer. Yes! Not because they are interested in the answer as such, but because Jesus will be in trouble regardless of whether he answers yes or no.  If he says do not pay taxes to Rome, the political leaders will be after him. If he says pay taxes to Rome, he loses his popular support that is protecting him for the Jewish authorities.[1]

2.   The second question is about who the seven-time widow will be married to in heaven. The Sadducees, who asked this question, do not believe in the resurrection of the dead. The question is about a social system that is based on women giving birth to sons. Here Jesus reminds people that “The ‘house’ of Israel is not guaranteed in and through patriarchal marriage structures, but through the promise and faithfulness of Israel’s life-giving God.”[2] In other words, the system that meant a woman was married off to seven brothers, one after the other, each time the family hoping for a son, is not part of God’s Kingdom. Our future is not based on our fertility but the faithfulness of God.

3.     And the third question: which is the greatest commandment. This was a topic of discussion among Rabbi’s, who were the religious teachers and biblical scholars of their day. This time the teacher of the Law agrees with Jesus, and all seems good.
‘When Jesus saw that the man had given a sensible answer, he told him, “You are not far from God’s kingdom.” After this, no one dared ask Jesus any more questions.

 

Three questions, the first two are a set-up, and I wonder how often we ask questions, not to find out the answer, but to humiliate or put someone down. When we ask a question are we listening for an answer that we might learn something or are we wanting to shame or embarrass the person. How do we respond if the answer to our question is not the answer we wanted or expected?  

The two greatest commandments are: Love God with your whole being and love your neighbour as you love yourself.
That all seems simple and clear, but of course it isn’t.

One of my favourite authors on Mark’s Gospel is Ched Meyers and he writes:

‘heaven must come to earth – there is no love of God except in love of neighbour’[3]

 

How do we love our refugee or migrant neighbours when we fear them?
How do we love our Muslim neighbours when we are suspicious of them?
How do we love our addicted neighbours or our homeless neighbours when we avoid them?

The scribe understood the law, he could recite it, and knew that these commandments were important, more important than burnt offerings, which were an important part of Temple life.

So why might Jesus have told him he was close to the Kingdom, he is not there yet. He admires Jesus, he recognises Jesus as a good teacher, he gives praise to Jesus, but he does not follow.

‘More than intellectual assent, this demands a decision to turn the concise gospel into concise living.’[4]

Being a disciple of Jesus, is not about a set of rules, or passing a test in biblical and theological studies. Being a disciple is following Jesus in the way we live, and that means in loving.

Christianity is not a knowledge based religion, but a religion based on relationship with God through Jesus. A relationship that changes who we are, how we live with others and how we see ourselves.  That does not mean we do not study, but that our salvation is about relationship not academic grades.

I remember seeing a picture of our relationship with God and others being like a triangle.

if we want to grow closer to God, we must be growing closer to people.
We cannot love God, with our whole being, if we do not love our neighbours, and ourselves.

That does not mean we put ourselves above others,
but that we have a healthy respect for the life God has given us, other people and all creation.

In some of what I have read recently there have been a few things that have stood out to me. One is that because of the many options in the way we interact with the news, we can stay wholly within a group or groups of people who agree with us.   We do not see much positive about people who disagree with you or their opinions.

How can we love each other when we are suspicious, when we label those with differing political or religious views as wrong or heretics or stupid.

How do we love each other, and live in right relationship with God and each other, when we disagree about how to interpret a Biblical text.

What is fundamental to our faith?

Does our faith help us grow in relationship with God?

Does our faith help us grow in relationship with our neighbour?

How is our living each day shaped by our faith? 

---

[1] Ched Myers, Binding the Strong Man, p 314.

[2] Ched Myers, Binding the Strong Man, p 316

[3] Ched Myers, Binding the Strong Man, p 318

[4] Spill the Beans, Issue 5, p 78.

Greatness, serving, normal?

 Mark 10: 32-45

Something that I have heard about lately is confirmation bias, this is when we look for things that agree with our opinion. For example, if you think people with blue eyes have a higher IQ than people with brown eyes, you will read articles that agree with you, and find ways to disagree with articles or research that says that eye colour is not associated with IQ. You may have noticed this in climate change debates.

This passage from Mark this morning begins with Jesus telling the disciples, for the third time, that he will be arrested and killed. Still the disciples don’t get it. The disciples have seen Jesus in action, healing, teaching, feeding, miracles; they have left their home and family to follow, literally, to walk with him. Why might they not understand or acknowledge what Jesus is saying about his arrest and death?

I wonder if confirmation bias is at play here.

The Jewish people were looking for a Saviour, a Messiah, from the line of David, who would bring them liberation. Jesus is making all the right moves, saying all the right things; surely, he is amassing a mighty army to overthrow the Roman occupiers of Israel. Once again Israel would be great and free, ruled by people who feared and worshipped God.

But, we know, and the disciples were not ready to admit, that the freedom Jesus was offering was not freedom from Roman occupiers. Jesus was not preparing an army of warriors to take on the might of Rome. Jesus was preparing the way for a new kingdom, one that was so different to the current systems of the world, that it was hard to see what it might be like.

James and John, brothers, asked Jesus if they could sit at his left and right in the new Kingdom. Traditionally those who sit next to the King, or leader, were powerful people. It was a place of honour. When you are at an event, maybe a wedding, who sits at the top table, who sits with the parents of the bride and groom, and who sits in the back corner?

Soon the places at the left and right of Jesus will be those crucified with him.

Then Jesus tells the disciples, again, that those who are great are those who serve. This new way of living, the way of Jesus, does not follow the ways of Rome or any other empire. Honour and status is not about wealth or prestige or the number of slaves you own. Being great is not about the size of your army, but the way you serve, the way you live for others.

Then this final sentence in our reading: The Son of Man did not come to be a slave master, but a slave who will give his life to rescue many people. You may be more familiar with his version: For the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life a ransom for many.” New Revised Standard Version

One of my favourite writers on the Gospel of Mark is Ched Myers. He writes: The term (ransom) referred to the price required to redeem captives or purchase freedom for indentured servants. Jesus promises then that the way of “servanthood” has been transformed by the Human One into the way of liberation.[1]

It is 20 months since life changed dramatically due to COVID. Since then, we have been able to meet at times, sometimes masked, sometimes singing. At times. we have not been able to visit family and friends, we have missed birthday celebrations and funerals. And we yearn to return to ‘normal’. But what is ‘normal’.

Like James and John, we do what humans do best, we fall back on what we know—what’s comfortable; how the world always worked; we hope and pray that the world has not and will not change as much as it already has and as much as we know it will. What once was, is not working anymore. We know that. Deep in our hearts and souls. And we don’t know how to fix it.[2]

The world around us is changing, it feels chaotic at times, out of our control, confusing and frustrating.

For James and John, they have heard Jesus talk three times now about his impending death, I imagine they may have been confused as well, their idea of a Messiah does not include this death.

“Jesus is simply affirming here what the world does to those who put their trust in love and follow it through in every aspect of their lives. The disciples are fixated on the rewards for their actions, but that is not what is significant, it’s the ability to trust love and live it out in the world that is the right response to the call of Jesus and the disciples miss the point completely. The kind of power they seek is the very power that will have Jesus crucified.” ^[3]

Once Jesus enters Jerusalem, the world will change. We live on the other side of the cross and empty tomb, and still when we don’t have answers or there don’t seem to be any answers in the immediate future, our human pattern is to “partner with power” rather than “hold hands with humility.”^[4]

I am one of those people who wants the answers, now, all of them. I want to know what is going to happen, I want to be able to plan, and not have those planned changed by COVID or ageing or ill-health or anything else.  I am human. I want the security of knowledge. Jesus asks me to trust in love.

In this passage we are reminded that our faith is not in power or knowledge, but in love and service.

I know it is not much of an advertising slogan, but Christianity isn’t about slogans, but a way of life that offers freedom. Freedom to love, freedom to trust in God, freedom to serve.

Where is God calling you to let go of ‘normal’

Where is God calling you to live in love?

---

[1] Ched Myers, Binding the Strong Man,  p 279

[2] https://www.workingpreacher.org/dear-working-preacher/preaching-in-the-midst-of-merging-crises

[3] Spill the Beans, Issue 5, p 64

[4] https://www.workingpreacher.org/dear-working-preacher/preaching-in-the-midst-of-merging-crises

the question of divorce?

 

Trigger warning, these readings and the sermon discuss divorce, if this raises issues for you, please talk with someone about it. write their name down now, so you have it later.

The readings are Deuteronomy 24:1-4 and Mark 10:1-16

At first reading, this passage is about divorce, or rather not getting divorced, but is it really?

We start by hearing that Jesus is teaching the crowd, and some Pharisees decide to test Jesus.

They ask Jesus is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?  

Is it lawful?

I wonder what questions we ask.

Is it lawful?

Reminds me of teenagers saying, you didn’t tell me I couldn’t

Is it lawful, is a boundary pushing question.

Yes, this question is about divorce, but also about much more than divorce. The question could have been about anything, the intent of the question is to trap Jesus. No matter how he answers this question, someone will be unhappy, and maybe enough people will walk away from listening to him, and he will no longer be a threat to the power of the Pharisees.

I wonder, what questions do we ask, not when we want an answer, but when we want to trap, or ridicule, or point out to someone how wrong they are. I have seen this in discussions about refugees, same gender marriage, abortion, and climate change.

 The passage begins with Jesus teaching the crowd.

I wonder what Jesus was teaching when the Pharisees interrupted with their question? Throughout the gospels, Jesus is teaching about transformation and the upside nature of the Kingdom of God compared to what we experience in most social and political situations.

In situations where power, status or strength give privilege;
in a world where being male and adult is honoured,
in a world where women and children are treated as property and not human, I wonder what Jesus was teaching about? Maybe sharing resources, or treating all people with dignity, or not judging another person, or …. 

Mark does not tell us.

The Pharisees want to know how Jesus will answer one of the topical and contested issues of the day, is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife. Divorce was an accepted part of both Jewish and Roman societies. Some leaders spoke against divorce as bad for society, but for the most part people debated only details of its legal basis. [Matt Skinner, https://www.workingpreacher.org/commentaries/revised-common-lectionary/ordinary-27-2/commentary-on-mark-102-16-2]

 If you look up divorce in the Bible, you will find a few references. The law comes from the Torah, the first five books of the Bible. Some references on divorce are in Leviticus to do with laws for Priests, and in Deuteronomy 22:28, if a man takes a young woman who is not engaged, and rapes her, he must marry her and can never divorce her.

If we look at the Deuteronomy reading [24:1-4], a man divorcing his wife is a given, but if she marries another man, she cannot go back to the ex-husband who divorced her. Genesis 2 implies no divorce, and in Ezra those with foreign wives are expected to divorce them.  

Divorce presumes marriage, and that is how Jesus answers the question.

Something about marriage: marriage at this time was not a result of courtship, romance, flowers, dancing, movies, and meals; marriages were arranged between families, marriage was about property, honour, and status. Therefore, divorce was quite complicated and involved extended families and the community. Today divorce is also complicated, though for different reasons. 

Divorce, then and now, puts people in jeopardy. Then divorce left women in a precarious place. When a man divorced his wife, if her father or brother was unwilling to take her in “the consequences for the woman were devastating -- familial and public disgrace, potentially severe economic hardship, and limited future prospects for her and her children. So Jesus' words were likely intended not to set up a standard by which to judge and stigmatize but rather to protect women who were so much more vulnerable before the law than men.”  [Love and Marriage Monday, October 01, 2012 David Lose] 

“Jesus describes marriage with utmost seriousness, as something that transcends contractual obligations and economic utility, as something rooted in human identity. This offers a sharp reproof to any who would construe marriage as a contract of convenience, casually formed and casually broken.” https://www.workingpreacher.org/commentaries/revised-common-lectionary/ordinary-27-2/commentary-on-mark-102-16-2 

I wonder if any of this is helpful for people who want to know God’s will on the issue of divorce. I remember a person coming to see me about problems in their relationship, this person did not want to leave the marriage because ‘I promised before God, I would stay married’. That is what our marriage vows say. But this person was being abused by their spouse. Should they stay, continue to be abused, and their children see one parent beating another?

I doubt anyone would suggest to this person that they must stay because of the importance of marriage. 

I am not suggesting the Bible says divorce is fine, go for it thoughtlessly. But neither does it say you cannot divorce. Each divorce is different. 

Where do we draw the line? That was also an issue in the time of Jesus. 

Just as today there are people who will argue points of law on points of law, and what various words mean in various contexts, the interpretation of the Law of Moses was quite varied. So even though the Pharisees ask, “is it lawful”, they already know what is in the law. The interpretation of this law varied from divorce is only allowed in cases of infidelity, to the other extreme - if your wife is late with your dinner or displeases you in any way you can divorce her.

Notice only the man can divorce the woman. In Jesus’ response, he does say if she divorces her husband, this was permissible in Roman law, but not in Jewish law. 

Why did Moses write that divorce is allowed? In Mark, Jesus says it is because of the hardness of heart, or because people are heartless, depending on the translation. 

We are human, we make mistakes, sometimes we are rude, obnoxious, disloyal, or unfaithful. Some people are forced or coerced into marriage by societal expectations, maybe not so much in our western culture today, but in my lifetime, if you were unmarried and pregnant, a wedding was likely on the horizon, ready or not. 

Divorce left women in a potentially dangerous situation, unable to find shelter or food for herself and any children. I wonder who is most disadvantaged by divorce today. Sometimes it is women and children, sometimes men tell me how hard separation and divorce has been on them and their children. I have heard people say you must stay together for the children, but how is it healthy for children to grow up in a household full of tension. 

This passage is about divorce, but also the questions we ask and how we interpret the law.

I wonder if it also helps us to see where our hearts are hardened to another person or group of people. 

All through the gospels we see people’s lives changed, for the better, by the healing, forgiving, inclusive words of Jesus; and we see the Pharisees and other religious leaders challenged by Jesus when the law is used to condemn people.

Is it lawful?

Maybe there are other questions to ask.

 

VALUES

(Mark 10:2-16)

Jesus pointed out
the hardheartedness he saw
in those around him.

 Pharisees, divorce;
disciples missing the point;
children turned away.

Indignant Jesus
showed the values of God’s realm;
including, blessing.

How do I reflect
God’s including and blessing
day by day by day?

    Jeff Shrowder, 2021