This week I have borrowed heavily from others.
The beatitudes, with all those statements about being ‘blessed’, seem like a nice, sweet, poetic reading. The beauty of the language can lull us into letting the words wash over us without penetrating. Our familiarity can mean the words don’t jar, confront or comfort us.
In the first century there were some rules that you lived by. Honour and shame were important concepts. The esteem in which you were held depended on your family, your patrons and your clients. The less important your family, the less important you were. Social connections were important. As members of the early church found out following Jesus’ way of inclusion and equality, meant that many were disowned by their family. And the family had little choice; otherwise they would all lose face in this culture. But what happens in that kind of culture when you don’t have family connections? Life is very hard.
What was so shocking about the Jesus way? Just look at the beatitudes[i]. These are statements that encourage and honour:
- reconciliation and peacemaking rather than revenge
- meekness rather than engaging in contests to gain honour
- being pure in heart which changed the understanding of purity, and therefore many of the purity codes were not held by the early Christians.
If we look at the last 2 verses, that may give us a picture of what was happening to the early church.
5:11 "Blessed are you when people revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account.
5:12 Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.
Blessed are you when …, not blessed are the persecuted; blessed are you when you are persecuted. Being looked down upon, left out, treated badly, killed, tortured; these things were part of the experience of people in the early church.
Matthew notes that a crowd followed Jesus up the mountain to listen to his teaching. Jesus doesn’t teach life is fun, that you will gain status, good jobs, a long life or any other things we might consider blessings.
Let us take a quick look at each of the beatitudes.[ii]
5:3 "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
The poor in Spirit, this is a strange phrase for modern ears. It means something like “People who are humble in their spirituality who acknowledge that they don't have all of the answers and therefore they are willing to look to God for guidance.”
5:4 "Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted.
Comforting those who mourn seems logical to us. But this does not only refer to those who grieve a loss. This is also for those who mourn their sinfulness, and for those who mourn the state of the world that leaves people living in poverty, homeless or oppressed.
How often do we mourn the state of the world? Not get angry and rant, but mourn deeply?
5:5 "Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth.
The meek, this does not mean weak, or cowardly. Meekness conveys humility, total surrender to God, or one who is economically and socially powerless.
5:6 "Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled.
Righteousness is not aspiring to holiness and piety. Righteousness is about doing what is right by God. Hunger and thirsting for righteousness is pursuing social justice that works for the reconciliation of all God’s creation.
5:7 "Blessed are the merciful, for they will receive mercy.
Mercy here isn’t about forgiveness. The suggestion is that the ‘Greek word used here denotes one who is generous in doing deeds of deliverance whether that be releasing one from bondage, healing, or giving to those in need’.
5:8 "Blessed are the pure in heart, for they will see God.
This was written in a time very different to ours. Purity was shown by external behaviour, public prayer, temple sacrifices etc. Jesus is saying that purity is about our inner orientation to God; a relationship with God that allows for God to transform us.
5:9 "Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God.
People who are oppressed will often respond with rebellion and violence, just look at what has been happening in the north of Africa recently. It is easy for us to try and be in situations of control or power over people we deem to be our enemies. These may be people of different cultures, religions or social status. Here we are reminded that forgiveness and living in peace are part of the way of Jesus.
5:10 "Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness' sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
5:11 "Blessed are you when people revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account.
5:12 Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven, for in the same way they persecuted the prophets who were before you.
These last two beatitudes remind us of what happens when we stand up for social justice, for the rights of others, and the need for policies that are life-affirming. When people stand up for the rights of refuges and asylum seekers; when people question the ongoing participation in war; when people demand a way of living and working that allows for dignity for all; then there will be some who revile us, call us names, put us down. I know people, both ministers, who were threatened with death during the anti-apartheid era in Australia. When we and others stand up for justice, not retribution, but justice, there will be some people who feel threatened. Here Jesus is saying this is what will happen to his followers. How long since we have been threatened because of our stand on issues of justice or poverty?
A quote that sums this up:
“What Jesus is saying here is that we are meant to be the poor in spirit, full of humility and wonder. We are to be willingly emotionally exposed and open enough to fully mourn, mourning the state of the world, the failures and losses of our brothers and sisters, and the loss of our own innocence. We are the ones who are to be meek, not seeking power by dominating others but attaining true power which is only found in the weakness and vulnerability of the cross of Christ. We are to hunger and thirst for righteousness, yearning for what is right, holy, and good from the deepest part of our souls. We are to be merciful not ruthless, pure in heart not corrupted, peacemakers not instigators, the persecuted instead of the persecutors, and reviled and despised not honoured and exalted.”[iii] The beatitudes turned the accepted wisdom of the day on its head. Those who are called blessed by Jesus were the people considered to be unblessed and unblessable; Jesus shows that there is something about the kingdom of God that means a radical inversion of accepted cultural norms.
What is this saying to us on this All Saints Day? We are all saints, we are all God’s children, we are surrounded by a cloud of witnesses, and we are called to live by these challenging and comforting beatitudes. An attitude of openness to God and others; an attitude of grace, peace, mercy and hope; an attitude of thinking the best about another; working for peace and justice for all of God’s creation.
What is the challenge and the comfort for you in the beatitudes today?
[i] These ideas are from http://www.sarahlaughed.net/lectionary/2005/01/fourth_sunday_a.html [iii] http://www.rickmorley.com/archives/1107